The camera operator controls the focus of the camera by adjusting the lens to ensure that the desired subject is sharp and clear. This can be done manually by turning the focus ring on the lens or using autofocus features that automatically adjust the focus based on the subject's distance and movement.
Exposure is controlled by adjusting the camera's shutter speed, aperture, and ISO settings. Shutter speed determines how long the camera's sensor is exposed to light, aperture controls the amount of light that passes through the lens, and ISO determines the sensitivity of the camera's sensor to light. By adjusting these settings, the camera operator can achieve the desired level of brightness and darkness in the image.
Additionally, modern cameras often have exposure compensation features that allow the operator to adjust the exposure level based on the lighting conditions of the scene. This can help ensure that the image is properly exposed even in challenging lighting situations.